Double click the map to zoom in and click the home button to reset. Official websites use .gov Global Carbon Project. Air pollution consists of gas and particle contaminants that are present in the atmosphere. Click the ellipsis in the upper righthand corner and check "Show Totals" to view the chart based on totals instead of percentages. Air pollution data portal From smog hanging over cities to smoke inside the home, air pollution poses a major threat to health across the globe. Short-term exposure to ozone is also associated with increased total non-accidental mortality, which includes deaths from respiratory causes. Populations aged 70 years and older are clearly at much higher risk of premature mortality from outdoor air pollution. Dense cities not only have the problem that air pollution levels tend to be higher, but also that they can expose large populations to its impacts. Cost of Living Index by Country 2023. Absolute number of deaths gives no indication of the age at which an individual died prematurely. Air pollution is one of the worlds largest health and environmental problems. Line chart depicting decline in national emissions from 1990 to 2020. Emissions from international shipping or bunker fuels are also not included in national figures,[3] which can make a large difference for small countries with important ports. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. In particular, very small particles of matter termed PM2.5, which are particles with a size (diameter) of less than 2.5 micrometres (m). All of our charts can be embedded in any site. We will always indicate the original source of the data in our documentation, so you should always check the license of any such third-party data before use and redistribution. Countries which lie above the grey line had a higher number of deaths in 1990 (meaning theyve since declined); and countries below had a higher number in the latest year (meaning theyve increased in recent decades). There, exposure can reach as high as 200g per cubic meter. Pressing the play button animates the synchronized charts and map cycling through 1990 to 2020 showing how both concentrations and emissions are changing, with a declining overall trend, during this period. In the scatterplot we see the comparison between the number of deaths from outdoor air pollution in 1990 (shown on the y-axis) and the number in the latest year(on the x-axis). For example, a recent study published in Science suggests the EKC relationship also appears in links between deforestation, afforestation and economic growth.10, In regard to air pollution we see this in trends of sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions they tend to follow an inverted-U shape, first rising with industrialization before peaking and falling rapidly with development.11,12. Starting in mid-March 2020, many areas across the United States implemented stay-at-home restrictions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic that closed schools, workplaces, and businesses. Map Symbols indicate values above or below the most recent standard. If proximal sand and dust sources have less severe impacts on health, this may explain the strong outliers from this world region. Licenses: All visualizations, data, and articles produced by Our World in Data are open access under the Creative Commons BY license. Last updated in January 2022. Air Quality Statistics by County, 2022 (xlsx) (95.79 KB, 5/23/2023) Air Quality Statistics by City, 2022 (xlsx) (55.85 KB, 5/23/2023) Air Quality Statistics by City, 2000-2022 (xlsx) (161.76 KB, 5-23-2023) Murray, C. J., Aravkin, A. Y., Zheng, P., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., & Borzouei, S. (2020). Since 2006, China has been emitting more CO2 than any other country. In the visualization we see risk factors ranked in order of DALYs disability-adjusted life years the metric used to assess disease burden. Death rates from indoor air pollution have seen an impressive decline, whilst improvements in outdoor pollution have been much more modest. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. What becomes clear is that far from being the most polluted in recent history, the air in many rich countries today is cleaner than it has been for decades. Click the bar chart, or these links, to view AQI retrospective reviews: PM2.5 or ozone. EPA frequently relies on modeling studies to supplement air toxic monitoring data. Please consult our full legal disclaimer. Also shown in this chart is the death rate from indoor air pollution. In our post here we look in more detail at what todays megacities can learn from Londons pollution of the past. Depicted in gray are sites where a trend direction is undetermined due to insufficient data. November 11, 2022. In many countries in Europe the UK, Germany and France for example most of the population is exposed to a level of pollution that exceeds this threshold. This trend is characteristic of what is called the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). This transition across Europe and North America was achieved through a number of economic, technological, and policy measures. And have some seen a decline? But in the visualization here we show the breakdown of death rates from each. The grey line here represents parity: a country which lies along this line had the same death rate in both years. In the visualization we see the death rate from outdoor particulate matter pollution (on the y-axis) plotted against the population-weighted exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations (on the x-axis). [5], The top 10 largest emitter countries account for 67.6% of the world total. In 2000 the number of days was 2,076 and in 2020 641. The ultimate aim is to reduce air pollution levels to below the WHOs guideline value of 10g/m3, but the WHO has also set three interim target levels at higher concentrations. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Show sources information These areas, known as nonattainment areas, must develop plans to reduce air pollution and attain the NAAQS. You can find in-depth statistics on outdoor air pollution, its health impacts and causes across the world in our full entry here. WHO Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide: global update 2005: summary of risk assessment(No. Unhealthy 151-200. These events brought about significant challenges for monitoring agencies. Globally, the number of deaths from outdoor air pollution has increased significantly in recent decades. You only have access to basic statistics. [13], According to the review of the scientific literature conducted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), carbon dioxide is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas by warming contribution. The differences in death rates by age can be explored for any country and region using the change country toggle on the interactive chart. 95% of the world population have a mean annual exposure which exceeds WHO guidelines. As the chart shows, pollutants are emitted by a variety of sources. Breathing in particle pollution can increase the risk of lung cancer. The Lancet,396(10258), 1223-1249. WHO (2018) Fact sheet Ambient air quality and health. In the scatterplot we see the comparison of exposure to PM2.5 in 1990 (shown on the y-axis) and exposure in the latest year available (on the x-axis). Read about weather influences on ozone. & Myllyntaus, T. The Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis and Air Pollution in Finland. There can be multiple risk factors for a given disease which corroborate or amplify one another when both are present. Hazardous 301+ Our World In Data is a project of the Global Change Data Lab, a registered charity in England and Wales (Charity Number 1186433). Health Effects Exposures to PM, particularly fine particles referred to as PM2.5, can cause harmful effects on the cardiovascular system including heart attacks and strokes. It seems intuitive that the health impacts of air pollution would be strongly linked to the concentration of local pollutants (i.e. American Economic Review. Our World in Data is free and accessible for everyone. Chart. Bar chart depicting total national emissions and percentages by source category (stationary fuel combustion, industrial and other processes, highway vehicles and non-road mobile). Death rates measure the number of deaths per 100,000 people in a given country or region. Click any point to display annual concentration data. But its impacts go even further, also being one of the main contributors to global disease burden. In order to limit the adverse health impacts of air pollution, the World Health Organization (WHO) lays out clear recommendations for exposure to air pollution these are its so-called Air Quality Guidelines (AQG).5 The WHO defines these AQG for various air pollutants based on an epidemiological assessment of the link between pollution exposure and health consequences. They do, however, have a significantly higher GDP per capita than their neighbours (as evidenced by bubble size). Overview Air pollution Land pollution Water pollution Editor's Picks Current statistics on this topic Emissions Most polluted countries based on PM2.5 concentration globally 2022. In the map shown here we see the share of deaths attributed to air pollution across the world. Clean air is fundamental to health. At certain concentrations, sulfur oxides can also cause injury to vegetation and species loss in aquatic and terrestrial systems. Exposure to air pollution across the world, The long-term decline of air pollution in rich countries. Many of todays megacities face a huge challenge in managing development with air pollution. This chart shows the absolute reduction in emissions of particulate matter. In the visualization we have plotted the averagelevels of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in Londons air from 1700 to 2016. Death and DALY loss rates are reported as age-standardized figures to allow for a fair cross-comparison of mortality and morbidity risk between countries and through time. The WHO make clear in their guidelines that limiting exposure to their guideline value cannot guarantee zero health consequences; it will, however, greatly minimize these impacts. LIVE Major city ranking World's most polluted cities (historic data) World's most polluted countries (historic data) 2022 World Air Quality Report . Here we use the term contributes, meaning it was one of the attributed risk factors for a given disease or cause of death. This also appears to be reflected in the data when we look at death rates from outdoor air pollution versus income by country as shown in the scatterplot here. More information. On the flip-side, prolific wildfires in the Northwest and California led to increased particle pollution in the fall. 54.75. The data only consider carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels and cement manufacture, but not emissions from land use, land-use change and forestry. In 2014, WHO issued the first-ever health-based guidelines on clean fuels and technologies for household cooking, heating and lighting. Most of the total decline is owed to improvements in indoor air pollution. In this entry we look at the aggregate picture of air pollution both indoor and outdoor. Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups 101-150. A map of the number deaths from air pollution by country can be found here. Ozone damage to plants may alter ecosystem structure, reduce biodiversity and decrease plant uptake of CO2. In the map we see the distribution of the population-weighted mean exposure to PM2.5 each year. Smaller particles tend to have more adverse health effects because they can enter airways and affect the respiratory system. The chart provides national concentration averages and 10th and 90th percentiles for each day. One such modeling study, the National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA), is a nationwide study of ambient levels, inhalation exposures, and health risks associated with toxic air pollutant emissions. Please be patient with map exports. Fewer unhealthy air quality days means better health, longevity, and quality of life for all of us. Environmental Effects Some toxic air pollutants accumulate in the food chain after depositing to soils and surface waters. ", "TRENDS Online - Carbon Flux to the Atmosphere from Land-Use Change", Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, "EDGAR - Methodology - European Commission", "China's Emissions: More Than U.S. Plus Europe, and Still Rising", "Chinese coal fuels rise in global carbon emissions", "Yes, The U.S. [4] The methodology for the calculations is public. State and federal governments are working together to improve the natural visibility in our nations parks and wilderness areas so that future generations can enjoy these scenic vistas. Air pollution is one of the leading risk factors for death. This topic page can be cited as: All visualizations, data, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. Absolute number of deaths from ambient particulate air pollution, Air pollution deaths as percentage of global disease burden, Death rate from ambient particulate air pollution, Death rate from ambient particulate air pollution vs. GDP per capita, Death rate from outdoor air pollution in 1990 vs. 2019, Death rate from outdoor air pollution vs GDP per capita, Death rate from particular matter air pollution vs PM2.5 concentration, Deaths from household and outdoor air pollution, Deaths from outdoor air pollution by region, Deaths from outdoor air pollution, by age, Disease burden from particulate pollution, Exposure to air pollution with fine particulate matter, Global sulphur dioxide (SO) emissions by world region, Outdoor air pollution deaths in 1990 vs. 2019, Particulate matter exposure in 1990 vs. 2017, Share of deaths attributed to air pollution, Share of deaths attributed to outdoor air pollution, Share of population exposed to air pollution above WHO targets, Share of the population exposed to air pollution levels above WHO guidelines, Sulphur dioxide (SO) emissions per capita, Air pollution is one of the worlds leading risk factors for death, Air pollution is one of the leading risk factors for disease burden. Tip Click any point to display 2000-2019 trends, and select maximize to enlarge the chart. Particle pollution (PM2.5 and PM10) includes a mixture of compounds that can be grouped into five major categories: sulfate, nitrate, elemental (black) carbon, organic carbon and crustal material. When we compare the share of deaths attributed to outdoor air pollution either over time or between countries, we are not only comparing the extent of outdoor air pollution, but its severity in the context of other risk factors for death. The play/pause button controls animation, or manually change the year by dragging the yellow circle in the chart or the slider's gray square. Air Pollution Includes Gases and Particles. Compare this with Sweden where exposure levels are 5g/m3 40 times lower. Ninety percent of sites have concentrations below the top line, while ten percent have concentrations below the bottom line. You can find in-depth statistics on indoor air pollution, its health impacts and causes across the world in our full entry here. This means that outdoor air pollution was responsible for {"value":7.8,"formattedValue":"7.8%","template":"%value","year":2019,"unit":"%","entityName":"World"}7.8% of global deaths. The map indicates most Class I areas have improving visibility or decreasing haze (indicated by the downward pointing arrows). ", Global Carbon Project, Carbon dioxide emissions worldwide in 2010 and 2021, by select country (in million metric tons) Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/270499/co2-emissions-in-selected-countries/ (last visited June 02, 2023), Carbon dioxide emissions worldwide in 2010 and 2021, by select country (in million metric tons) [Graph], Global Carbon Project, November 11, 2022. In the scatterplot we see the comparison between the death rate from outdoor air pollution in 1990 (shown on the y-axis) and the rate in the latest year (on the x-axis). Ozone and particulate matter both have negative health impacts global death rates have fallen for both pollutants in recent decades. To provide an extensive and consistent view of air pollution levels across a given country, and for global comparison, we therefore have to rely on additional methods of measurement. Evidence of the EKC is mixed: across various measures it has been widely contested, but for a number of environmental markers there is strong evidence for the existence of EKC relationship. Most high-income countries have fairly well-developed air quality monitoring and reporting networks at the ground-level- these generally provide consistent hourly readings of air quality. EPA provides a daily AQI forecast so people can act to protect their health. Death rates tend to rise as countries shift from low to middle-income through industrialization, before falling again at higher incomes as both air pollution and overall health improves. Charts are available for each calendar year quarter, as well as an annual chart. How do some countries with a high level of PM2.5 pollution manage to maintain significantly lower death rates than wed expect? Globally, death rates from air pollution have been falling. Based on levels in 2006. The play/pause button controls animation, or manually change the year by dragging the yellow circle in the chart or the slider's gray square. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. The chart provides national concentration averages, 10th and 90th percentiles, and minimum and maximum values for each year. With data on population density within each grid cell, we can then calculate the population-weighted average exposure of the population of a given country. Wildfire data excluded for all pollutants except for NH3 pre-2002; PM emissions also exclude miscellaneous emissions (i.e., agricultural dust and prescribed fire data). Please read and enjoy the full report below, and be sure to download and share the one page summary using the share button at the top. Deposition of sulfur oxides contributes to the acidification of soils and surface waters and mercury methylation in wetland areas. Nationally, concentrations of air pollutants have dropped significantly since 1990: Despite increases in air concentrations of pollutants associated with fires, carbon monoxide and particle pollution, national average air quality concentrations remain below the current, national standards. Indeed, we see an overall correlation: the death rate from air pollution is higher in countries that have a higher level of pollution. Based on previous NAAQS dropdown selection: USA map of corresponding monitor locations with information for each monitor such as Air Quality System (AQS) site ID, State, overall trend, annual concentration data and year. Charts Air pollutions share does not only depend on how many die prematurely from it, but what else people are dying from and how this is changing. Long term exposure to certain air toxics can cause cancer and long-term damage to the immune, neurological, reproductive, and respiratory systems. [citation needed] Land-use factors have contributed nearly a third of total cumulative anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide since 1850, and until as recently as 1965 was actually a greater source of emissions than the combustion of fossil fuels and production of cement. Globally, air pollution contributed to {"value":11.65,"formattedValue":"11.65","template":"%value","year":2019,"unit":"%","entityName":"World"}11.65% of deaths in the latest year.2. Air pollution not only takes years from peoples lives, but also had large effect on quality while theyre still living. Few lead sites met trend completeness criteria to calculate national stats prior to 2010, and emissions data are only available for National Emissions Inventory (NEI) years. Check out the Daily Air Quality Tracker and Multiyear Tile Plot on the EPAs AirData website for 2020 daily concentrations of criteria pollutants compared with historical values. Good 0-50. 7, 40678 (2017). Examples of this are Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Norway and the United States. Canada. [14] The other major anthropogenic greenhouse gases (methane, nitrous oxide (N2O) and some fluorinated gases (sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and perfluorocarbons (PFCs))[15]:147[16]), are not included in the following list, nor are humans emissions of water vapor (H2O), the most important greenhouse gases, as they are negligible compared to naturally occurring quantities. Health Effects Among the species of SOx, SO2 is the most commonly occurring in the atmosphere and the one most clearly associated with human health effects. Here we see a very strong regional split: pollution levels have fallen across most of Europe, North and South America whilst pollution has increased in recent decades across most countries in Asia and Africa. Ozone exposure also aggravates asthma and lung diseases such as emphysema leading to increased medication use, hospital admissions, and emergency department visits. In this map we see death rates from outdoor air pollution across the world. To provide context of pollution in todays growing megacities, we have also shown levels in Delhi in India. 3 In the chart we see that it is one of the leading risk factors for death globally. What we see from historical data is that this rise in pollution is a pathway that is typical of developing cities. Short-term exposures to NO2 can aggravate respiratory diseases, particularly asthma, leading to respiratory symptoms, hospital admissions and emergency department visits. Italy. Annual summary statistics are also available on EPA's AirData website from the Air Quality Statistics Report. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that air pollution leads to 7 million premature deaths every year.. Out of the six common air pollutants, particulate matter measuring 2.5 microns or smaller in diameter, or PM2.5, is accepted as the most harmful to human health.This is due to its prevalence in the atmosphere and the broad range of . Pollution is responsible for about 40% of death from lung cancer, 25% of stroke deaths, 22% of all cardiovascular disease, and 53% of deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. the exposure). Tip Shown is a snapshot of the 2008 ozone nonattainment area map. Please be patient with map exports. Particles in air pollution can be smaller than 1/30th the diameter of a human hair. Here we see that death rates have increased in around half of all countries, and declined in the other half. Since then, a number of progressive Sulphur Protocols and European directives have set regulatory limits on SO2 emissions from large power stations and industrial processes. Across countries we find a very consistent pattern of much higher death rates in the oldest of the population. The negative health consequences of air pollution increase with exposure. The different components that make up particle pollution come from specific sources and are often formed in the atmosphere. Accessed June 02, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/270499/co2-emissions-in-selected-countries/, Global Carbon Project. Ninety percent of sites have concentrations below the top line, while ten percent have concentrations below the bottom line. Countries with very high death rates such as India, Egypt, Pakistan, and Nepal are at low to middle income levels. The visualization shows that it is in middle-income countries where the death rates from air pollution are highest. Environmental Effects Sulfur oxides react with ammonia and other compounds to form particle pollution resulting in associated environmental effects. But what about some of the outliers? This is a list of sovereign states and territories by carbon dioxide emissions due to certain forms of human activity, based on the EDGAR database created by European Commission and Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency released in 2018. The Lancet,396(10258), 1223-1249. Pollution and its impact upon the environment is arguably the most important challenge currently facing the world. Largest global emitters of carbon dioxide 2021, by country, Global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration 1959-2022, Global CO2 emissions 1970-2021, by sector, Largest global carbon sequestration projects in operation 2022. For more information, please visit the Air Emissions Inventories website. What determines the likelihood that a given individual will die prematurely from pollution-related illness? With continued urbanization, densely-populated cities and city driving, this narrative can be easy to believe. Furthermore, many of the outliers on the right of the graphic (with high levels of particulate pollution and lower death rates) lie in the Middle East and North Africa. Air pollution is one of the worlds leading risk factors for death, attributed to millions of deaths each year. Air pollution consists of gas and particle contaminants that are present in the atmosphere. Pollution Index Index By Country 2020 United States China United Kingdom Russia Germany France Japan Italy Canada 0 25 50 75 100. Map Click any point to display daily concentration data. The blue band shows the distribution of air pollution levels among the national stat sites, displaying the middle 80 percent. Outdoor air pollution is a risk factor for several of the world's leading causes of death, including stroke, heart disease, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases, such as asthma. Line chart depicting decline in national emissions from 1990 to 2020. Bar chart depicting national lead emissions and percentages by source category (stationary fuel combustion, industrial and other processes, highway vehicles and non-road mobile). Download the IQAir AirVisual world air quality report. Cleaner air provides important public health benefits, and we commend our state, local, and industry partners for helping further long-term improvement in our air quality. Note: the point is a decimal point, so 1.000 Mt means 1 Mt, i.e. Check out which country in the world had the highest level of air pollution PM2.5. Cohen, A. J., Brauer, M. & Burnett, R. T. Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: An analysis of data from the Global burden of Diseases Study 2015. Licenses: All visualizations, data, and articles produced by Our World in Data are open access under the Creative Commons BY license. Business Solutions including all features. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. Exposure to PM2.5 and O3 is then calculated across grid cells of 0.1 x 0.1 degrees longitude and latitude (11km x 11km at the equator). Depicts cycle of sources, transport and transformation, deposition and effects. stationary fuel combustion sources (such as electric utilities and industrial boilers). Based on wildfires spotlight dropdown selection, a synchronized set of charts (air quality concentration chart and USA map of monitor locations) display. The countries where a much lower share of the population are exposed to this level of pollution tend to have a much lower population density they are high-income countries (where the air is typically less polluted than in low-to-middle income countries), but also have a smaller percentage of the population living in highly-dense cities. Drier conditions here mean the source of pollutants may be notably different from elsewhere: much of the local air pollution could be derived from dust and sand particles as opposed to anthropogenic sources of industry and agriculture. Environmental Effects Elevated amounts of lead accumulated in soils and fresh water bodies can result in decreased growth and reproductive rates in plants and animals. Regarding clean and polluting household energy use or household air pollution:[emailprotected], Regarding data or resources related to SDG 7 on energy access and health:[emailprotected], deaths each year from exposure to ambient and household air pollution, people primarily rely on polluting fuels and technologies for cooking, of the worlds population live in places where air pollution levels exceed WHO guideline limits, Total burden of disease from household and ambient air pollution, AirQ+ performs calculations that allow quantification of the health effects of exposure to air pollution, including estimates of the reduction in life expectancy, Interactive map shows the presence of air quality standards in countries around the world for different pollutants, Contains tools and resources for countries to develop clean household energy policies and programmes, Web model that predicts indoor concentrations and personal exposures of air pollutants from cooking, heating or lighting, Planning tool that calculates the costs and benefits of transitions to cleaner household energy. Air pollution levels today are at some of their lowest levels in decades. Over the course of two centuries the suspended particulate matter in Londons air doubled. Line chart depicting comparisons of growth areas such as gross domestic product, vehicle miles traveled, population, energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions versus the decline in the aggregate emissions of the six common pollutants from 1970 to 2020. Show publisher information The ideal entry-level account for individual users. Based on levels in 2006. Click the map to view a larger interactive version that includes all current NAAQS nonattainment areas. This topic page can be cited as: All visualizations, data, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. In 2020, global carbon emissions reached 32 billion tonnes of CO2 in the atmosphere, a record that is likely to be quickly overtaken, as the projected trajectory of future emissions doesn't predict any decrease. Overall, the risk of premature mortality with exposure at the first interim target level (35g/m3) is expected to increase the risk of premature mortality by 15% relative to the guideline value of 10g/m3. This chart is shown for the global total, but can be explored for any country or region using the change country toggle. Clicking a point opens a stacked bar graph depicting the 2000 to 2018 trends in PM2.5 speciation by component: sulfate, nitrate, elemental carbon, organic carbon, crustal material and sea-salt. Shown is the current AQI forecast for PM and ozone combined. Image of bar chart depicting the declining number of days reaching unhealthy for sensitive groups, or above, on the air quality index from 2000 to 2020. The major components, or species, are elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), sulfate and nitrate compounds, and crustal materials such as soil and ash. Gaseous pollutants include sulfur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and certain toxic air pollutants. Use the share button at the top to share this report with others, and follow the latest EPA activities to protect human health and the environment using the buttons below. All the software and code that we write is open source and made available via GitHub under the permissive MIT license. But for rich countries today, this is far from true. Outdoor air pollution is attributed to millions of deaths each year, Share exposed to air pollution above WHO limits, Link between exposure to pollution and death rates, Outdoor air pollution tends to rise with industrialization before falling, Outdoor air pollution is one of the leading risk factors for premature death, Death rates from ozone and particulate matter pollution, The global distribution of deaths from outdoor air pollution. US AQI . Help us do this work by making a donation. A vast majority of stations show decreasing or no trend in air toxics across the country. The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) in its Global Burden of Disease study provide estimates of the number of deaths attributed to the range of risk factors for disease.1. In, Global Carbon Project. Help us do this work by making a donation. PM2.5 Data Omitted from Air Trends Assessment. (November 11, 2022). How are death rates from air pollution changing? Countries such as Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait, and the UAE have a comparably lower risk of premature death, despite high levels of pollution. The concept of the EKC was first discussed in the 1990s within the 1992 World Development Report, but builds upon the stylized relationship between income inequality and economic development as described by Simon Kuznets in 1955 he hypothesized that income inequality is low at low levels of prosperity and then rises with increasing prosperity, but eventually falls again at higher levels of average incomes.9, The EKC provides a hypothesis of the link between environmental degradation and economic development: environmental quality initially worsens with the onset of industrial growth, but then peaks at a certain stage of economic development and from then on environmental quality begins to improve with increased development. These standards define the levels of air quality that EPA determines are necessary to protect against the adverse impacts of air pollution based on scientific evidence. A look back: Combined Ozone and PM2.5 in 2020. These measurements are, however, often limited to major city centres. Very Unhealthy 201-300. The PT model calculates the emission rates required for stoves, heaters, or lamps to achieve specific air quality and health targets. We will always indicate the original source of the data in our documentation, so you should always check the license of any such third-party data before use and redistribution. The NATTS trends table, included as a supplementary visual to the USA map, depicts air toxics mean concentration trends at the 27 national air toxics trends stations from 2003 to 2018. Death rates from air pollution are highest in low-to-middle income countries, with more than 100-fold differences in rates across the world. Again, air pollution is near the top of the list making it one of the leading risk factors for poor health across the world. In the visualization we show global death rates from air pollution over time shown as the total air pollution, in addition to the individual contributions from outdoor and indoor pollution. By 2016, emissions of sulphur dioxide the gas that contributes to acid rain, an important environmental problem has fallen by more than 97%. The grey line here represents parity: a country which lies along this line had the same number of deaths in both years. Annual summary statistics are also available onEPA's AirData website fromthe Air Quality Statistics Report. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set Currently, you are using a shared account. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). But by how much? According to the Global Burden of Disease study {"value":4506193,"template":"%value","year":2019,"unit":"deaths","entityName":"World"}4506193 people died prematurely as a result of outdoor air pollution in the latest year. Environmental Effects Emissions of CO contribute to the formation of CO2 and ozone, greenhouse gases that warm the atmosphere. The Regional Haze Rule, published in 1999, requires states to identify the most effective means of preserving conditions in Class I areas when visibility is at its best (based on the 20% best or clearest visibility days monitored) and to gradually improve visibility when it is most impaired (based on the 20% worst visibility days monitored). Download and share the one page summary and scroll down for additional resources. 1,000,000 tonne. The first is a line chart depicting the overall decline in national air quality concentrations for criteria air pollutants from 1990 to 2020. How are deaths from outdoor air pollution changing? Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 19902019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, WHO Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide: global update 2005: summary of risk assessment, Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution, 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, Long run trends in energy-related external costs. When citing this topic page, please also cite the underlying data sources. Levels of air pollution in rich countries are much lower than in the past to limit the health impacts of air pollution we must find solutions which accelerate this process for low-to-middle income countries. Outdoor air pollution is one of the worlds largest health and environmental problems one that tends to worsen for countries as they industralize and transition from low to middle incomes. 29.13. List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions. Since that time, the combined emissions of criteria and precursor pollutants have dropped by 78%. Depending on the pollutant, people at greater risk for experiencing air pollution-related health effects may include older adults, children and those with heart and respiratory diseases 30-second Healthy Heart video. Assessing particle pollution concentrations along with composition data aids in understanding the effectiveness of pollution controls and in quantifying the impacts to public health, regional visibility, ecology and climate. Total CO2 emissions by country/region in 2017 vs per capita emissions (top 40 countries), Total CO2 emissions for the period 1970 to 2017 and 2017 emissions, by country/region, Historical greenhouse gas emissions 1990-2018 from Climate Watch[23]]], Annual CO emissions in 2017, measured in tonnes per year, Consumption-based CO emissions per capita, 2017, Who emits the most CO2 each year? Lancet In press, 112 (2017). The effects of settling include: making lakes and streams acidic; changing the nutrient balance in coastal waters and large river basins; depleting the nutrients in soil; damaging sensitive forests and farm crops; and affecting the diversity of ecosystems. The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a color-coded index EPA uses to communicate daily air pollution for ozone, particle pollution, NO2, CO and SO2. JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. A key question for how to make progress against air pollution is to understand in which way pollution affects human health. The US, China and Russia have cumulatively contributed the greatest amounts of CO 2 since 1850. For example, electric utilities, part of the stationary fuel combustion category, release SO2, NOx and particles. Overall health, wellbeing and healthcare/medical standards in these nations significantly reduce the risk of mortality from respiratory illness. non-road mobile sources (such as recreational and construction equipment, marine vessels, aircraft and locomotives). Health Effects Breathing elevated levels of CO reduces the amount of oxygen reaching the bodys organs and tissues. In the visualization we see the same again the relative change in emissions of air pollutants since 1970 (where emissions in the first year of available data are given a value of 100). Global disease burden takes into account not only years of life lost to early death, but also the number of years lived in poor health. Air Pollution in World: Real-time Air Quality Index Visual Map Asia Europe North America South America Africa Australia Middle East India China Japan + Good Moderate Unhealthy for sensitive groups Unhealthy Very Unhealthy Hazardous Share: " Air Pollution in World: Real-time Air Quality Index Visual Map " https://aqicn.org/map/asia/cn/ These effects are particularly problematic for asthmatics while breathing deeply such as when exercising or playing. This is calculated based on a countrys population size for a given year. In some cases this has occurred because death rates from air pollution have increased. For this, we use a measure of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) lost. Local ozone close to the surface is often termed bad ozone and contrasted with the good ozone in the ozone layer. Journal of the American Medical Association, 287:11321141. In other words, there might not be a safe limit where we can expect the health impacts to be zero. For most other countries, the number of deaths has increased. For those with heart disease, this can result in chest pain and other symptoms leading to hospital admissions and emergency department visits. In many cases, air pollution exacerbates pre-existing cardiorespiratory illnessesindividuals suffering from asthma, for example, are particularly vulnerable. There is little evidence that there is a threshold below which no health impacts occur from exposure to PM2.5. Click the Emission Totals tab to view emission trends. In the visualization we see the number of deaths per year attributed to each risk factor. Ground-level ozone forms when emissions of NOx and VOCs react in the presence of sunlight. Statista. The global distribution is reflected in the patterns we see when we look at death rates versus income. Some pollutants are released directly into the atmosphere while other pollutants are formed in the air from chemical reactions. Air pollution is attributed to 11.65% of deaths globally. Death rates are typically highest in middle-income countries. Concentrations of air pollution are high across many countries in the world today. For all greenhouse gases combined, see. Independent Oversight and Advisory Committee, Modelled estimates of particulate matter air pollution, Modelled exposure to particulate matter air pollution, Database on source apportionment studies for particulate matter, Health effects from liquid and gaseous fuels database, Global database of household air pollution measurements, Cooking fuel and technology database (by fuel category), Burning Opportunity: Clean Household Energy for Health, Sustainable Development, and Wellbeing of Women and Children. Countries which lie above the grey line had a higher death rate in 1990 (meaning theyve since declined); and countries below had a higher rate in the latest year (meaning theyve increased in recent decades). Despite being the . The 2019 Pollution and Health Metrics: Global, Regional and Country Analysis report from the Global Alliance on Health and Pollution (GAHP) updates findings from The Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health, and provides a ranking of pollution deaths on a global, regional and country level. But, as we see from the breakdown, this decline has been primarily driven by improvements in indoor air pollution. The decline of air pollution in the UK is also mirrored across the Atlantic in the US. While NATA cannot be used to directly define trends, it does put ambient levels in context to appropriate health endpoints. Many countries are currently far from 10g/m3 interim targets therefore provide attainable steps of progress towards this goal. National regulation and regional policy agreements played a crucial role this clean-up; the first being the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) signed by 35 countries across North America, Western Europe and the Eastern Bloc. For more than 50 years, the Clean Air Act has brought Americans cleaner air and lower risks of adverse health effects. Has this been getting better or worse? If we take a historicallook at pollution levels in London, for example, we see this Kuznets Curve clearly. Use Ask Statista Research Service, Based on territorial emissions from combustion and industrial processes. If you have any feedback, you are welcome to write it, If you need to access the old Global Health Observatory data, you can do it. Scientific Reports. Air quality and pollution city ranking. Here, when we discuss ozone we mean tropospheric ozone that is, ozone which exists in the lower atmosphere, close to the surface. Available at: JSTOR, Crespo Cuaresma, J. et al. [17] Space-based measurements of carbon dioxide should allow independent monitoring in the mid-2020s.[18]. Health Effects Depending on the level of exposure, lead may harm the developing nervous system of children, resulting in lower IQs, learning deficits and behavioral problems. The top right chart shows decreasing national average ozone and particulate matter concentrations since 1990 with the averages falling below the most recent standard. This, of course, does not result from acute exposure but from long-term exposure over their lifetimes. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Outdoor air pollution is a risk factor for several of the worlds leading causes of death, including stroke, heart disease, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases, such as asthma.3 In the chart we see that it is one of the leading risk factors for death globally. Based on COVID spotlight dropdown selection, a synchronized set of charts (air quality concentration chart and USA map of monitor locations) display. The DALYs of a child who suffered mortality from a pollution-related illness will be significantly higher than an older individual. When carbon dioxide emissions from land-use change are factored in, the majority of carbon emissions since 1905 occurred in Asia, Central and Southern America, reflecting the fact that developed nations cleared their forests in earlier centuries. All of our charts can be embedded in any site. WHO/SDE/PHE/OEH/06.02). Air pollution is one of the leading risk factors for death. Source code, data and documentation are available for download in the GitHub repository. All other material, including data produced by third parties and made available by Our World in Data, is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors. This data can be explored for all countries and regions. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/270499/co2-emissions-in-selected-countries/, Carbon dioxide emissions worldwide in 2010 and 2021, by select country, Immediate access to statistics, forecasts & reports, Global carbon dioxide emissions 2010-2021, by select country, Global distribution of CO emissions 2021, by sector, Global CO2 emissions related to energy 1975-2021, Global percentage of CO2 emissions captured 2000-2020, Global investment in carbon capture and storage 2018-2020, by region, Potential regional carbon capture investment 2020-2030, Global capacity of large-scale carbon sequestration projects in operation 2010-2022, Global large-scale carbon sequestration projects 2022, by status, Number of CCS facilities worldwide 2022, by region, Global large-scale carbon sequestration projects 2021, by region, Active CCS capacity worldwide 2022, by sector, Leading CCUS companies worldwide 2020, by operating capacity, Leading CCUS companies worldwide 2020, by number of projects, Global cost of carbon removal 2020, by approach or technology, Decarbonization's economic effect in the UK 2050, by level, Projection of electricity generation from CCS in the UK 2020-2040, Completed and proposed CCUS projects by capacity in China 2021, Business sector CO emissions in the United Kingdom (UK) 1990-2020, Greenhouse gas emissions per capita Philippines 2020-2021, CO2 emissions from the petrochemicals manufacturing sector in the UK 1990-2020, CO2 emissions from manufacturing in the United Kingdom (UK) 1990-2020, Change in greenhouse gas emissions in the EU-27 1990-2020, by sector, CO2 emissions from rubber products manufacturing in the UK 1990-2020, CO2 emission from computer and electronic products manufacturing in the UK 1990-2020, CO2 emission from electricity production from gas in the UK 1990-2017, CO2 emissions from constructions and civil engineering in the UK 1990-2020, CO2 emissions from paper and paper products manufacturing in the UK 1990-2020, CO2 emissions from nuclear fuel processing in the United Kingdom (UK) 1990-2020, CO2 emissions from buildings and building construction works in the UK 1990-2020, CO2 emissions from freight transport by road in the United Kingdom (UK) 1990-2020, CO2 emissions of the mining and quarrying industry in the UK 1990-2020, Leading tech companies' scope 2 GHG emissions worldwide 2021, CO2 emissions per capita APAC 2018, by country, CO2 compensation payment when buying a flight ticket in the Netherlands 2019, Electricity generation: CO2 emissions in some EU countries 2013, Carbon dioxide emissions worldwide in 2010 and 2021, by select country (in million metric tons), Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports. What we see is that death rates tend to be highest around middle incomes lower for low-income countries and low also in high-income countries. Death rates from air pollution are highest in low-to-middle income countries, with more than 100-fold differences in rates across the world. Here we take a look at air pollution trends in two countries for which we have good data for the last decades: the UK and US. Scandinavian Economic History Review. Health Effects Air toxics may cause a broad range of health effects depending on the specific pollutant, the amount of exposure, and how people are exposed. Tip Shown are the number of days in which the combined ozone and PM2.5 AQI was unhealthy for sensitive groups (orange) or above (red, purple or maroon) for the years 2000-2020. EPA has identified data quality issues affecting PM2.5 monitoring data in somestates. Points on the map indicate the long-term statistical trend direction: decreasing, increasing and no trend. The two main drivers for the rising number of deaths were the total increase and the aging of the population. Particulate matter exposure is highest across low-to-middle income countries. Double click the map to zoom in and click the home button to reset. Other country rankings by Numbeo: Quality of Life Index by Country 2023. Its important to emphasize the difficulties in directly attributing deaths to air pollution. The Global Burden of Disease study estimates that {"value":4506193,"template":"%value","year":2019,"unit":"deaths","entityName":"World"}4506193 deaths were attributed to outdoor air pollution in the latest year.1. Moderate 51-100. A majority of stations show decreasing or no trend in air toxics across the country. Health Effects Ozone exposure reduces lung function and causes respiratory symptoms, such as coughing and shortness of breath. Subscribe here to receive notifications whenever content on this page changes. Graphs are temporarily unavailable due to technical issues. You have permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. Death rates from outdoor air pollution allow us to compare the differences in its mortality impacts between countries and over time. Outdoor air pollution was attributed to an estimated {"value":4506193,"template":"%value","year":2019,"unit":"deaths","entityName":"World"}4506193 deaths in the latest year. Age-standardization normalises death rates to a set population structure (population size and age) to cancel out variation which would occur between countries based on population demographics. Outdoor air pollution is one of the leading risk factors for premature death. The Clean Air Act requires EPA to set national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for specific pollutants to safeguard human health and the environment. 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