Es miembro del Grupo de Anlisis Poltico (GAP) de la Universidad Sergio Arboleda y miembro del grupo de investigacin Cultura Jurdico-poltica, Instituciones y Globalizacin de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. In each locality, the elections are directed by the president . La poltica local de la autocracia cubana ha sido un objeto de estudio elusivo y complicado. Fidel Castro led Cuba until February 2008 - Castro held the titles of Chief of State, Head of Government, Prime Minister . Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet. decentralization and local government in Cuba, but The number of municipal jurisdictions usually fol- in fact there has been little change since the former lows . It is east of the Yucatn . Cuba is divided into 15 provincias, one municipio especial (special municipality; Juventud Island), and, within the 15 provinces, 168 municipios (municipalities). Constantementecon particular nfasis desde las reformas constitucionales de fines de 1992la academia y prensa cubana y sus aliados internacionales definen al rgimen poltico insular como una democracia participativa. Cuba Capital City Map Use mouse to move or zoom in. Desafueros y financiamiento de la poltica. Los (re)conocidos problemas de la democracia representativa no se combaten con la instalacin, dizque participativa, de las dictaduras de partido nico en los barrios. Los Consejos Populares, como instancias territoriales que renen una poblacin a nivel inferior al municipio, deben servir para canalizar la participacin en el espacio local, pero poseen limitadas atribuciones efectivas y an menos recursos por lo que su prometedora expansindurante los aos noventano dio los frutos esperados. Population:11,270,957. La poltica local de la autocracia cubana ha sido un objeto de estudio elusivo y complicado. The municipalities are listed below, by province: The maps below show the municipal subdivision of each province, in yellow, within Cuba. In short, it takes will, politics, but also good institutions. In this way, a true participatory democracy, that is with and for all its citizens, passes through those referents of autonomy, not through the authoritarian partisanship of community life. In October 2019, Miguel Daz-Canel was confirmed as president of Cuba, with nearly 97 percent of the votes of National Assembly members. As established by the 2019 Electoral Law, the highest provincial authorities hold office for a period of five years. Y aunque en Cuba han sido convocados los llamados Debates Nacionales preparatorios del sexto (2010) y sptimo (2016) Congresos del Partido Comunista de Cuba (PCC) y de la discusin de la nueva Constitucin (2019), en estos debates los ciudadanos solo han podido transmitir opiniones y en menor medida agregar demandas, pero la informacin resultante el estado de opinin nacionalno ha sido devuelta a los mismos, impidiendo al ciudadano identificar su coincidencia con agendas mayores en el mbito territorial y social. . The limited success in justifiably removing government officials from their postsacross the whole 43 years of Popular Party rulingproves how restricted citizen participation remains by both the vertical subordination of local governance. If we understand participation as a process that starts with the individual action of citizens, until it reaches a forum, constituted in practices and spaces of representationlike the public policy management councils existing in Brazilthen the relationship between participation and representation is a given. Cuba y sus Territorios. Esta ha sido la experiencia de los debates previos al Congreso del PCC (1991, 2010) y la discusin de iniciativas legales, como la Ley de Trabajo y Seguridad Social, 2009, de amplio impacto social. Cubas Constitution was established in the 1970s and states that local governments adhere to socialist democracy principles (UCLG, 2008). In the early 60s, the border between the US and Cuba closed on the base, and . The U.S. Navy has maintained its base at Guantnamo Bay since the early 20th century despite protests from the Cuban government. Learn More COVID-19 Health and travel alert for U.S. citizens. He is a member of the Political Analysis Group (GAP) at Sergio Arboleda University and a member of the Legal, Culture and Policy Group at the National University of Colombia. Cuba is not a major narcotics destination, and the island has had fewer drug-related problems than The Bahamas. Local governments lack independent funding and have little capacity to implement proposals autonomously. Edited by John Mark Ockerbloom (onlinebooks@pobox.upenn.edu)OBP copyrights and licenses. Nevertheless, there are ways to strengthen this link between community and government. Justo lo contrario de lo que sucede hoy en la autocracia cubana. As Welp has written, the experiences of local participation should be a mechanism for the empowerment of the citizenry and not an instrument at the service of some groups or associations with partisan interests. Si entendemos la participacin como un proceso que parte de la accin individual de los ciudadanos hasta llegar a formas colectivas que se constituyen en prcticas y espacios de representacincomo los consejos gestores de poltica pblica, existentes en Brasilla relacin con la representacin resulta complementaria, toda vez que la legitimidad y eficacia de ambos procesos se presuponen. Las correcciones de las polticas en curso son exclusivas de una clase dirigente que opera con total discrecionalidad. Justo lo contrario de lo que sucede hoy en la autocracia cubana. As evidence of their so-called promised expansion during the nineties failed to meet expectations. Anyone physically present in the United States, regardless of citizenship and nationality, must comply with these regulations. There is no evidence that Canadian travellers to Cuba are at risk. Por otro lado, la organizacin civil y el desarrollo de las polticas de participacin son inseparables de la calidad de la representacin poltica y los performances de la rendicin de cuentas. Furthermore, the controlled fragmentation of Cubas participatory democracy blocks any chance of influence decision-making at the PCC congress or the sessions of the National Assembly. Matching Cuban citizens need with national agendas is merely impossible. Matching Cuban citizens need with national agendas is merely impossible. Hernn Corts's Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire was undertaken from Cuba. Cuba's Tourism Booming With Inflow of 1.2 Mln Foreign Visitors. In present-day Latin America, citizen and state efforts to engage local participation and municipal elections have served to strengthen democratic processes at the national level. (Impr. Travel to Cuba for tourist activities remains prohibited, and U.S. federal regulations restrict travel to Cuba to licensed travelers engaged in certain specified activities. Emergency Information and Contacts. Asimismo, se bloquea la conformacin de colectivos capaces de incidir, de forma organizada y en correspondencia con la legislacin vigente, en cnclaves como el congreso del PCC o las sesiones de la Asamblea Nacional, as como en las agendas polticas en general. The national referendum to ratify Cuba's new constitution took place on February 24, 2019. The Cuban government exercises executive power. Lo contrario sucede cuando el oficialismoen formatos autocrticos de diverso grado y tipocontrola decisivamente el poder institucional, estableciendo formas de control social ms o menos extensas, bloqueando o castigando a la oposicin poltica, impidiendo una competencia electoral justa y libre. Please, lets not confuse the two. Correcting the flaws of policies enacted today is a decision exclusive to a ruling class that operates with total discretion. However, some civil society organizations do aim to promote political rights and participatory governance amongst the communist regime. Historia general de los hechos de los Castellanos en Las Islas Y Tierra firme, Independence of Spanish continental Americas, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France, Colonial universities in Hispanic America, Law of coartacin (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governorate_of_Cuba&oldid=1145068039, 1511 establishments in the Spanish Empire, 1519 disestablishments in the Spanish Empire, States and territories established in 1511, States and territories disestablished in 1521, Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 March 2023, at 03:19. En el fondo se trata de una participacin parroquial ya que en las llamadas asambleas de rendicin de cuenta del Poder Popular en los barrios, por ejemplo, el potencial democrtico se limita casi a emplazar a funcionarios de bajo y medio rango, con demandas que giran alrededor de bienes y servicios insatisfechos y no sobre procedimientos o asuntos de mayor alcance. The provinces of Cuba are divided into 168 municipalities or municipios. Antonio Maria Delgado. La omnipresencia de la poltica en Brasil, Event: Post-Summit of the Americas Assessments for the Hemisphere: A Caribbean Perspective, Thank you from Global Americans Executive Director, Corruption, oil, and the role of external agencies in the Caribbean, Good governance and corruption in the Caribbean, Webinar: AMLOs DC Visit: Trilateral Implications, The State of LGBT+ Rights in the Americas. Por ser este el sitio donde el poder toca de forma directa la vida cotidiana de las personas, lo localentendido como comunidad, barrio o municipioes un escenario privilegiado para comprender las diferencias entre estos modos de hacer poltica, tanto en las instituciones del Estado como en las formas de asociacin y participacin vecinales. Y la poltica latinoamericana lo revela a la perfeccin.Como ha sealado la politloga Yanina Welp (2018), diversas formas de asociacin y organizacin local han estado presentes, a lo largo de la historia latinoamericana, de las ms variadas maneras. HAVANA Cuba plans to allow some foreign investment in local wholesale and retail trade for the first time since Fidel Castro's 1959 revolution, the government said late on Monday, in a bid . And while the so-called national debates to prepare the sixth (2010) and seventh (2016) Congresses of the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC) and the discussions of the new Constitution (2019) have been summoned, Cubans opinions are lost in the air, untransferred into actual demands. Cuba is constitutionally defined as a Marxist-Leninist state. This is the complete opposite of what is happening today in the Cuban autocracy. The opposite happens when autocracyin all forms and sizescontrols institutional power, establishing extensive forms of social control to block or punish the opposition, thus preventing fair and free electoral competition. An official website of the United States Government, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative Country Page, 2022 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, 2022 Report on International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy for Critical and Emerging Technology, Office of the U.S. 11,012,000 Head Of State: President: Miguel Daz-Canel Form Of Government: unitary socialist republic with one legislative house (National Assembly of the People's Power [612]) . That effort has followed the Soviet handbook: state-party Communist fusion, government control of civil society, and the systemic denial of citizens capacity to organize. II, published by the United Nations, New York, 1991, "Estudios y Datos de la Poblacin. proyecto que mide siete formas de democracia y reconstruye la trayectoria de los regimenes polticos del mundo de 1902 al presenteel resultado es una democracia participativa cerca de un nivel cero comparada contra Costa Rica o Uruguay rondando un nivel de participacin del 0.8. Al final, como parece repetirse actualmente en varias naciones de Amrica Latina con la figura de los Consejos de Poder Ciudadano en Nicaragua y los Consejos Comunales en Venezuela, se expande un mar de participacin con un milmetro de profundidad a lo largo de todas las localidades cubanas, estrechamente articuladas y dependientes de los niveles superiores del aparato estatal. He studies the relationship between civil society, political institutions and democratization (and the democratization) in Latin America and Russia. Below the provincial courts are municipal courts, which are usually the courts of first appeal. Thus, when the performance of Cubas participatory democracy is compared with that of neighboring nations like Costa Rica and Uruguaythese countries are comparable to the island in terms of population, the active role of the state in social politics and modest levels of inequalitybased on the indicators outlined by the University of Gothenburg and the Notre Dames Kellogg Institute V-Dem projectan initiative that measures seven forms of democracy and reconstructs the trajectory of political regimes since 1902the result is a participatory democracy level near zero, compared to Costa Rica and Uruguay, whose participatory level is about 0.8. The U.S. government seeks. Delegates to municipal assemblies are elected to terms of five years by universal suffrage. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Cuba has one of the better-trained and better-equipped military forces in the West Indies, though many of its troops are assigned to the Youth Labour Army, which assists with the sugarcane harvest and other agricultural work during much of the year. Por otro lado, la organizacin civil y el desarrollo de las polticas de participacin son inseparables de la calidad de la representacin poltica y los performances de la rendicin de cuentas. Independent civil society organizations and the development of participatory policies are integral to the quality of political representation and accountability. Local government -- Law and legislation -- Cuba. After Cuba repelled the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961, it developed strong ties with the Soviet Union, which provided technical and financial support and most of Cubas military equipment, including ships, dozens of fighter jets, helicopters, and hundreds of tanks. Cuba was incorporated in New Spain after the conquest of Mexico. Several professional firms also provide security for hotels and other businesses. Public spending on the local level is nearly 40 percent of total expenditure (UCLG, 2008). After the constitutional reforms of the late 1992, both Cuban academics and the press classified Cuba's political regime as a "participatory democracy.". Under this type of democracy, popular participation, ideally, plays a fundamental . Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Office of the U.S. Special Presidential Coordinator for the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. In the end, as seems to be the case in several Latin American countriessuch as the citizen power councils in Nicaragua and the communal councils in Venezuelaparticipation in Cuban localities is as expansive as the sea but with just one millimeter in depth. Y la poltica latinoamericana lo revela a la perfeccin. After the constitutional reforms of the late 1992, both Cuban academics and the press classified Cubas political regime as a participatory democracy. Under this type of democracy, popular participation, ideally, plays a fundamental role in government decisions. El territorio de la Repblica de Cuba se divide en 15 provincias y el Municipio Especial Isla de la Juventud. Although economic sanctions remain in place, the United States is the largest provider of food and agricultural products to Cuba, with exports of those goods valued at $220.5million in 2018. Two years of military service are obligatory for men between the ages of 16 and 50 but voluntary for women. According to Dilla (2001), the increased social inequality in Cuba is likely to lead to declining social cohesion, threatening the civicness and egalitarianism once built and strongly maintained . Over 1,000 people, mostly peaceful demonstrators or bystanders, were detained during the July protests, Cuban rights groups reported. In the end, as seems to be the case in several Latin American countriessuch as the citizen power councils in Nicaragua and the communal councils in Venezuelaparticipation in Cuban localities is as expansive as the sea but with just one millimeter in depth. Even so, the official party controls almost every sector in Cuba including the media. The United States considers the base a strategic asset to its forces in the Caribbean; the base has also served as a holding and processing area for Haitian, Dominican, and Cuban refugees and more recently has been used by the United States to house prisoners from Afghanistan. Noel West, 89, is one of the 19 Cuban Special Category Residents who still live in US Naval Station Guantnamo Bay. During the 1980s it fielded as many as 50,000 troops in Angola and 15,000 in Ethiopia. The political-administrative division is structured on the geographical space of the Cuban archipelago in 15 provinces, 168 municipalities and the special municipality of the Isla de la Juventud. Municipalities of Cuba. Smart News & Research for Latin America's Changemakers, Armando Chaguaceda y Sergio Angel Baquero |, La poltica local de la autocracia cubana, Monitoring Disinformation in Latin America, Lies and Distortions: State-Run Media Analysis, Working Group on Inter-American Relations. Provincial governors preside over provincial councils made up of a deputy governor, the presidents and vice presidents of the municipal assemblies, and the municipal mayors. As Welp has written, the experiences of local participation should be a mechanism for the empowerment of the citizenry and not an instrument at the service of some groups or associations with partisan interests. La poltica externa de Dilma Rousseff: menos de lo mismo? Thus, the Basic Law (the constitution of Germany) says, " Municipalities must be guaranteed the right to regulate all local affairs on their own responsibility, within the limits prescribed by the laws." For this reason, communities, neighborhoods or municipalities are a privileged space to examine and understand the differences between the democratic and autocratic models and their vastly different institutions and mechanisms for citizen participation. CountryReports 1997 - 2023 - All Rights Reserved. Local government -- Law and legislation -- Cuba; Filed under: Local government -- Cuba. Bajo este tipo de democracia, idealmente la participacin popular juega un rol fundamental en las decisiones de gobierno. However, in reality, Cuban citizens are locked in a restricted, cheapened form of participation. Y aunque en Cuba han sido convocados los llamados Debates Nacionales preparatorios del sexto (2010) y sptimo (2016) Congresos del Partido Comunista de Cuba (PCC) y de la discusin de la nueva Constitucin (2019), en estos debates los ciudadanos solo han podido transmitir opiniones y en menor medida agregar demandas, pero la informacin resultante el estado de opinin nacionalno ha sido devuelta a los mismos, impidiendo al ciudadano identificar su coincidencia con agendas mayores en el mbito territorial y social. La debilidad de la economa popular y de las asociaciones locales, la inexistencia de cooperativas urbanas de produccin y servicios, unidos a la ausencia de legislacin y polticas para el municipio, han afectado el trabajo de los Consejos Populares como espacios para la participacin. Policies that foster interaction between social and state agents is crucial to a successful participatory democracy. The most recent Constitution of Cuba was enacted in 2019. Cuba Government What is the capital of Cuba? The Ministry of the Interior oversees state security, including the Border Guard, regular police forces, and agencies concerned with political dissent. For the past decade, the Cuban government has resorted to administrative and technocratic solutions without expanding citizen participation in traditional socialist formatsworkers councils or popular assembliesnor allowed for contemporary democratic civic engagementmanagement councils, social comptrollership or concentration roundtablesavailable in other Latin American countries. The countrys elections are controlled by the Communist Party. Candidates are selected by candidacy commissions that are subordinate to the Party (Cubanet, 2007). Todo ello tiene una agenda pendiente en la Cuba actual, en comparacin con los casos de Costa Rica y Uruguay analizados previamente. The system, Decentralization, Local Government and Citizen Participation in Cuba, Commonwealth Leaders Welcome Guerra by Dan Phillips Consultations." Todo ello tiene una agenda pendiente en la Cuba actual, en comparacin con los casos de Costa Rica y Uruguay analizados previamente. Por otro lado, la organizacin civil y el desarrollo de las polticas de participacin son inseparables de la calidad de la representacin poltica y los performances de la rendicin de cuentas. docente investigador en la Universidad Sergio Arboleda, en la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana y la Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano. Sergio Angel Baquero is a research professor at the Sergio Arboleda University, the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and the Jorge Tadeo Lozano University. Lo contrario sucede cuando el oficialismoen formatos autocrticos de diverso grado y tipocontrola decisivamente el poder institucional, estableciendo formas de control social ms o menos extensas, bloqueando o castigando a la oposicin poltica, impidiendo una competencia electoral justa y libre. [1] Correcting the flaws of policies enacted today is a decision exclusive to a ruling class that operates with total discretion. Cubas autocratic policies at the local level have been an elusive and complicated object of study. Al final, aunque hay muy contados ejemplos de haber removido a un representantepocos casos en los 43 aos del llamado Poder Popularla participacin de la poblacin, as como la relativamente mayor transparencia del desempeo institucional a este nivel, se ve limitada tanto por la subordinacin vertical de los rganos de poder local as como por un enfoque convencional acerca del rol del PCC como fuerza rectora de la comunidad. 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Assemblies are elected to terms of five years by universal suffrage of government, Prime.... Aim to promote political rights and participatory governance amongst the communist regime, regardless citizenship! Late 1992, both Cuban academics and the development of participatory policies are integral to the of. Development of participatory policies are integral to the Party ( Cubanet, 2007 ) Castro led until... Political rights and participatory governance amongst the communist Party commissions that are subordinate to the Party Cubanet... Political dissent agencies concerned with political dissent Electoral Law, the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana y poltica. Until February 2008 - Castro held the titles of Chief of state Head! Son exclusivas de una clase dirigente que opera con total discrecionalidad are elected to terms five! Policies at the Sergio Arboleda University, the highest provincial authorities hold office a. 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